The immune landscape in tuberculosis reveals populations linked to disease and latency

Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Feb 10;29(2):165-178.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.013. Epub 2020 Dec 18.

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) latently infects approximately one-fourth of the world's population. The immune mechanisms that govern progression from latent (LTBI) to active pulmonary TB (PTB) remain poorly defined. Experimentally Mtb-infected non-human primates (NHP) mirror the disease observed in humans and recapitulate both PTB and LTBI. We characterized the lung immune landscape in NHPs with LTBI and PTB using high-throughput technologies. Three defining features of PTB in macaque lungs include the influx of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), an Interferon (IFN)-responsive macrophage population, and activated T cell responses. In contrast, a CD27+ Natural killer (NK) cell subset accumulated in the lungs of LTBI macaques. This NK cell population was also detected in the circulation of LTBI individuals. This comprehensive analysis of the lung immune landscape will improve the understanding of TB immunopathogenesis, providing potential targets for therapies and vaccines for TB control.

Keywords: NK cells; granulomas; immune protection; lung; pDCs; single cell technologies; tuberculosis; type I IFNs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Killer Cells, Natural / immunology*
  • Latent Tuberculosis / immunology*
  • Lung / cytology
  • Lung / immunology
  • Macaca mulatta
  • Macrophages / immunology*
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / immunology*
  • Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / immunology*
  • Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / pathology