Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndrome: final data of the nationwide cross-sectional 'CardioRisk' project

Ashraf Reda; Ahmed Bendary; Atef Elbahry; Elsayed Farag; Tamer Mostafa; Hazem Khamis; Moheb Wadie; Mohamed Bendary; Bassant Abdoul Azeem; Rehab Salah

doi:10.4081/jphia.2020.1368

Prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndrome: final data of the nationwide cross-sectional 'CardioRisk' project

J Public Health Afr. 2021 Feb 11;11(2):1368. doi: 10.4081/jphia.2020.1368. eCollection 2020 Dec 31.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia University.
² Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University.
³ Cardiology Unit, Port Fouad Centre, Port Fouad.
⁴ Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University.
⁵ Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, October University.
⁶ Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University.
⁷ Biostatistics Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.
⁸ Critical Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
⁹ Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: Little are known about the prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Objective: Describe the prevalence of these risk factors with focus on gender-specific data and patients with premature presentation.

Methods: From November 2015 to August 2018, data were collected from 3224 patients with ACS in 30 coronary care centers covering 11 governorates across Egypt, with focus premature ACS.

Results: The vast majority were males (74%) and the most prevalent age group was (56-65 years) representing 37% of whole study population. Among female patients, 92% were post-menopausal. The prevalence of premature ACS was 51%. Forty five percent of total males and 69.6% of total females with ACS had premature presentation (P<0.001). Abdominal obesity was the most prevalent risk factor (66%). Nearly half of the entire study patients were current smokers (48%). We showed a high prevalence of documented dyslipidemia (48%) as well. Early invasive management strategy was employed in 65% of patients with no significant gender disparity noticed. Vascular access for coronary angiography was most commonly femoral (80% of time). Emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was attempted in 53% of patients. Thrombolytic therapy (using Streptokinase) was used in 24% of included participants.

Conclusion: Among Egyptian patients with ACS, premature presentation is common with greater male preponderance. Abdominal obesity is the most prevalent risk factor followed by hypertension. Most traditional risk factors (apart from smoking) were more prevalent in women than men.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Egypt; Risk factors.

Grants and funding

Funding: The study was funded by a grant from AstraZenica Egypt. The sponsors of the study had no role in data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing the report or the decision to submit it for publication.