Pooled analysis of safety data from clinical trials evaluating acalabrutinib monotherapy in mature B-cell malignancies

Leukemia. 2021 Nov;35(11):3201-3211. doi: 10.1038/s41375-021-01252-y. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Abstract

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibition is an effective therapy for many B-cell malignancies. Acalabrutinib is a next-generation, potent, highly selective, covalent BTK inhibitor. To characterize acalabrutinib tolerability, we pooled safety data from 1040 patients with mature B-cell malignancies treated with acalabrutinib monotherapy in nine clinical studies (treatment-naïve: n = 366 [35%], relapsed/refractory: n = 674 [65%]; median [range] age: 67 [32-90] years; median [range] prior treatments: 1 [0-13]; median [range] duration of exposure: 24.6 [0.0-58.5] months). The most common adverse events (AEs) were headache (38%), diarrhea (37%), upper respiratory tract infection (22%), contusion (22%), nausea (22%), fatigue (21%), and cough (21%). Serious AEs (SAEs) occurred in 39% of patients; pneumonia (6%) was the only SAE that occurred in ≥2%. Deaths due to AEs occurred in 52 patients (5%); pneumonia (n = 8) was the only fatal AE to occur in ≥3 patients. AEs led to treatment discontinuation in 9%. Rates for the AEs of interest (all grades) included infections (67%), hemorrhages (46%), neutropenia (16%), anemia (14%), second primary malignancies (12%), thrombocytopenia (9%), hypertension (8%), and atrial fibrillation (4%). This pooled analysis confirmed acalabrutinib's tolerability and identified no newly emerging late toxicities, supporting acalabrutinib as a long-term treatment for patients with mature B-cell malignancies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects*
  • Benzamides / adverse effects*
  • Clinical Trials as Topic / statistics & numerical data*
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / epidemiology
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / etiology
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / pathology*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / drug therapy*
  • Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / pathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Pyrazines / adverse effects*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Rate
  • United States / epidemiology

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Benzamides
  • Pyrazines
  • acalabrutinib