Incidence of advanced opportunistic infection and its predictors among HIV infected children at Debre Tabor referral Hospital and University of Gondar Compressive specialized hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: A multicenter retrospective follow-up study

Ermias Sisay Chanie; Wubet Alebachew Bayih; Binyam Minuye Birhan; Demeke Mesfin Belay; Getnet Asmare; Tegenaw Tiruneh; Yared Asmare Aynalem Aynalem; Biruk Beletew Abat; Sintayehu Asnakew; Maru Mekie; Getache Yideg Yitbarek; Fisha Alebel GebreEyesus

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06745

Incidence of advanced opportunistic infection and its predictors among HIV infected children at Debre Tabor referral Hospital and University of Gondar Compressive specialized hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: A multicenter retrospective follow-up study

Heliyon. 2021 Apr 9;7(4):e06745. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06745. eCollection 2021 Apr.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
² Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
³ Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Birhan University, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.
⁴ Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
⁵ Department Psychiatric, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
⁶ Department Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
⁷ Department of Biomedical, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
⁸ Department Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: This study is aimed to assess the incidence of advanced opportunistic infections (OIs) and its predictors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected children at Debre Tabor referral Hospital and University of Gondar Compressive specialized Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.

Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted from June 1, 2010, to May 30, 2020. A total of 349 children under the age of 15 who had received Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) were included in the study. Data were entered into Epi info version 7.2 and then exported to Stata 14.0 for analysis. Kaplan Meier curve and Log-rank test were used to determine the median survival time and the discrepancy of different categorical variables. The Cox regression model was used to identify the predictors of advanced opportunistic infections. The Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to declare statistical significance.

Result: The incidence rate of advanced opportunistic infection was 5.53 per 100 (95% CI: 4.7, 6.9) Person per year observation (PYO). The median survival time was 113 months and the total follow-up periods were yielding 18882 months. Children presenting with treatment failure, Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy (CPT) non-user, low hemoglobin level (<10 mg/dl), and poor/fair level of adherence to ART were less free survival time as compared to their counterparts for advanced opportunistic infections.

Conclusion: In this study, the median of advanced OIs free survival time was found to be low and the incidence rate was found to be high. The incidence advanced OIs was associated with anemia, treatment failure, and poor/fair level of adherence, cotrimoxazole preventive therapy non-users. Further research should conduct to evaluate and to improve the quality of care in the study area.

Keywords: Advanced; Ethiopia; Opportunistic infection; Predictors; Time to develop.