Sex differences in immunological responses to COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis of a single-centre cohort

Affiliations

• ¹ Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
• ² Department of Clinical Virology, University College London, London, UK; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
• ³ Department of Clinical Virology, University College London Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
• ⁴ Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Advanced Pathogen Diagnostics Unit, Department of Clinical Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK; Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
• ⁵ Advanced Pathogen Diagnostics Unit, Department of Clinical Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.
• ⁶ Neuroimmunology and CSF Laboratory, University College London Hospitals, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
• ⁷ Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
• ⁸ NIHR University College London Hospitals (UCL) Biomedical Research Centre, UK.
• ⁹ Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
• ¹⁰ Neuroimmunology and CSF Laboratory, University College London Hospitals, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
• ¹¹ Department of Clinical Virology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical Virology, University College London Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
• ¹² Department of Clinical Virology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
• ¹³ Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: nisharulkumaran@doctors.org.uk.