GDF-15 (Growth differentiation factor 15) is a protein synthesised in some tissues including liver, kidney, heart, or lung. GDF-15 a stress-responsive cytokine. GDF-15 is emerging as a biomarker of cardiometabolic risk and disease burden. GDF-15 is linked to the incidence and prognosis of heart failure. In acute coronary syndromes GDF-15 identifies risk of complications including bleeding, reinfarction, development of heart failure or mortality. In patients with atrial fibrillation, GDF-15 is a potent marker of bleeding adverse events in anticoagulated patients and a predictor of overall mortality. Role of GDF-15 in cardiology is not definitively constituted.
Keywords: GDF-15; SGLT2; atrial fibrillation; biomarker; coronary artery disease; heart failure.