Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by titanium dioxide surface coating

Petra Micochova; Ambika Chadha; Timi Hesseloj; Franca Fraternali; Jeremy J Ramsden; Ravindra K Gupta

doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16577.2

Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by titanium dioxide surface coating

Wellcome Open Res. 2021 Sep 9:6:56. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16577.2. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Petra Micochova¹, Ambika Chadha², Timi Hesseloj^{3

4}, Franca Fraternali^{4

5}, Jeremy J Ramsden⁶, Ravindra K Gupta^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
² University of Cambridge Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
³ Invisismart Technologies, London, UK.
⁴ Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
⁵ Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
⁶ Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.

Abstract

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission occurs via airborne droplets and surface contamination. Titanium dioxide (TiO ₂) coating of surfaces is a promising infection control measure, though to date has not been tested against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Virus stability was evaluated on TiO ₂- and TiO ₂-Ag (Ti:Ag atomic ratio 1:0.04)-coated 45 x 45 mm ceramic tiles. After coating the tiles were stored for 2-4 months before use. We tested the stability of both SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virions based on a lentiviral system, as well as fully infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus. For the former, tile surfaces were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped HIV-1 luciferase virus. At intervals virus was recovered from surfaces and target cells infected. For live virus, after illuminating tiles for 0-300 min virus was recovered from surfaces followed by infection of Vero E6 cells. % of infected cells was determined by flow cytometry detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein 24 h post-infection. Results: After 1 h illumination the pseudotyped viral titre was decreased by four orders of magnitude. There was no significant difference between the TiO ₂ and TiO ₂-Ag coatings. Light alone had no significant effect on viral viability. For live SARS-CoV-2, virus was already significantly inactivated on the TiO ₂ surfaces after 20 min illumination. After 5 h no detectable active virus remained. Significantly, SARS-CoV-2 on the untreated surface was still fully infectious at 5 h post-addition of virus. Overall, tiles coated with TiO ₂ 120 days previously were able to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 under ambient indoor lighting with 87% reduction in titres at 1h and complete loss by 5h exposure. Conclusions: In the context of emerging viral variants with increased transmissibility, TiO ₂ coatings could be an important tool in containing SARS-CoV-2, particularly in health care facilities where nosocomial infection rates are high.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Surface; TiO2; coating; spray.

Associated data

Dryad/10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc89z

Abstract

Associated data

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