Pregnancy-Associated Liver Diseases

Norah A Terrault; Catherine Williamson

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.060

Pregnancy-Associated Liver Diseases

Gastroenterology. 2022 Jul;163(1):97-117.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.060. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

Authors

Norah A Terrault¹, Catherine Williamson²

Affiliations

¹ Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: Terrault@usc.edu.
² Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK.

PMID: 35276220
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.060

Abstract

The liver disorders unique to pregnancy include hyperemesis gravidarum, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and preeclampsia-associated hepatic impairment, specifically hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome (HELLP). Their importance lies in the significant maternal and fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality. Expeditious diagnosis and clinical evaluation is critical to ensure timely, appropriate care and minimize risks to the pregnant woman and her fetus/baby. A multidisciplinary approach is essential, including midwives, maternal-fetal-medicine specialists, anesthetists, neonatologists, and hepatologists.

Keywords: Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy; Gestational Liver Disease; HELLP Syndrome; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy; Maternal Health; Preeclampsia.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic* / diagnosis
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic* / etiology
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic* / therapy
Female
HELLP Syndrome* / diagnosis
HELLP Syndrome* / therapy
Humans
Hyperemesis Gravidarum* / complications
Hyperemesis Gravidarum* / diagnosis
Hyperemesis Gravidarum* / therapy
Infant, Newborn
Liver Diseases* / diagnosis
Liver Diseases* / etiology
Liver Diseases* / therapy
Pre-Eclampsia* / diagnosis
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications* / diagnosis
Pregnancy Complications* / therapy