Update on Uterine Mesenchymal Neoplasms

Surg Pathol Clin. 2022 Jun;15(2):315-340. doi: 10.1016/j.path.2022.02.008. Epub 2022 May 20.

Abstract

This review focuses on recent advances in epithelioid and myxoid uterine mesenchymal neoplasms, a category of tumors whereby diagnostic criteria have been rapidly evolving due to advances in molecular testing. Pertinent clinicopathological and molecular features are highlighted for perivascular epithelioid cell tumors, uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors, BCOR/BCORL1-altered high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Novel developments in epithelioid and myxoid leiomyosarcomas are briefly discussed, and differential diagnoses with key diagnostic criteria are provided for morphologic mimickers.

Keywords: High-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma; Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor; Leiomyosarcoma; Molecular; PEComa; UTROSCT; Uterus.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
  • Endometrial Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leiomyosarcoma* / diagnosis
  • Leiomyosarcoma* / genetics
  • Leiomyosarcoma* / pathology
  • Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal* / diagnosis
  • Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal* / genetics
  • Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal* / pathology
  • Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors* / diagnosis
  • Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors* / genetics
  • Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors* / pathology
  • Uterine Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Uterine Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Uterine Neoplasms* / pathology

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor