A systematic review and in silico study of potential genetic markers implicated in cases of overactive bladder

Abstract

Objective: The contribution of genetic factors to the presence of an overactive bladder is recognized. This study aimed to (1) assemble and synthesize available data from studies assessing differential gene expression in patients with overactive bladder vs controls without overactive bladder and (2) determine possible correlations and functional pathways between genes.

Data sources: We searched PubMed, Ovid or Medline, and Wiley Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases between January 1, 2000, and December 15, 2021.

Study eligibility criteria: Studies were included if gene expression was detected and quantified using molecular approaches performed on human bladder tissue specimens directly and excluded if the gene expression analysis was carried out from blood and urine specimens alone.

Methods: A systematic review was completed to identify publications that reported differently expressed gene candidates among patients with overactive bladder vs healthy individuals. Gene networking connections and pathway analysis were performed employing Metascape software, where inputs were identified from our systematic review of differentially expressed genes in overactive bladder.

Results: A total of 9 studies were included in the final analysis and 11 genes were identified as being up-regulated (purinergic receptor P2X 2 [P2RX2], smoothelin [SMTN], growth-associated protein 43 [GAP43], transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 [TRPM8], cadherin 11 [CDH1], gap junction protein gamma 1 [GJC1], cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 [CHRM2], cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 [CHRM3], and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 [TRPV4]) or down-regulated (purinergic receptor P2X 2 [P2RX3] and purinergic receptor P2X 5 [P2RX5]) in patients with overactive bladder. Gene network analysis showed that genes are involved in chemical synaptic transmission, smooth muscle contraction, blood circulation, and response to temperature stimulus. Network analysis demonstrated a significant genetic interaction between TRPV4, TRPM8, P2RX3, and PR2X2 genes.

Conclusion: Outcomes of this systematic review highlighted potential biomarkers for treatment efficacy and have laid the groundwork for developing future gene therapies for overactive bladder in clinical settings.

Keywords: gene expression; genomics; overactive bladder; systematic review; urge urinary incontinence.