Prevalence and associated factors of cardiovascular diseases among men and women aged 45 years and above: Analysis of the longitudinal ageing study in India, 2017-2019

Abstract

Objective: Epidemiological studies on the prevalence and associated factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) representative of all states of India among middle-aged and elderly are not much reported. The present study estimates the prevalence and associated factors of cardiovascular diseases across Indian states among men and women aged ≥45 years.

Methods: We used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India wave 1 (2017-2019), which included a final analytical sample size of 56,935 adults and their spouses aged 45 years and above. We estimated CVDs prevalence for sociodemographic and behavioural variables, and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between behavioural factors and CVDs in both men and women.

Results: The prevalence of CVDs was 5.2% among adults ≥45 years (women: 4.6%; men: 5.9%), hypertension was 46.7% (women:48.9%; men:44%). Men and women have a similar prevalence of diabetes (11.9%) and cholesterol (2.3%). Prevalence of physical inactivity was 30.3% (women:27%; men:34.1%). Hypertension (adjusted odds ratio; aOR women:2.60, 95% CI: 2.08-3.25, men:1.88, 95% CI 1.54-2.29), hypercholesterolemia (aOR women:1.70; 95% CI 1.07-2.69, men 3.55; 95% CI 2.66-4.74), diabetes (aOR women:2.53; 95% CI 1.83-3.51, men:1.77 95% CI 1.44-2.17), obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking in men were significantly associated with CVDs.

Conclusion: The prevalence of CVDs and lifestyle risk factors among middle-aged and elderly poses severe concerns regarding noncommunicable disease (NCD) healthcare services provided in a lower-middle-income country like India. The key to preventing CVDs is controlling hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and increasing physical activity among adults aged ≥45 years.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes; Hypertension; LASI; Prevalence; Risk factors.