Mpox - Formerly Monkey Pox - in Dermatology: A Review of Epidemiologic Features, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Abstract

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease that has spread rapidly around the world. It has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. This review is an update for dermatologists on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Mpox. The primary mode of transmission in the current outbreak is close physical contact during sexual activity. Although most of the initial cases were reported in men who have sex with men, anyone who has close contact with an infected person or contaminated fomites is at risk. Classic prodromal features of Mpox include subclinical manifestations and a mild rash. Complications are common but rarely require hospitalization. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of mucocutaneous lesions is the test of choice for a definitive diagnosis. In the absence of specific treatments, management focuses on symptomatic relief.

Keywords: Dermatología médica; Infección; Infection; MPOX; Monkeypox; Mpox; Nonsurgical dermatology; Viruela del mono; Zoonosis.