Hair regrowth treatment efficacy and resistance in androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review and continuous Bayesian network meta-analysis

Peter R Feldman; Pietro Gentile; Charles Piwko; Hendrik M Motswaledi; Samantha Gorun; Jacob Pesachov; Michael Markel; Maxwell I Silver; Megan Brenkel; Oriel J Feldman; Corey L Kamen; Elizabeth Uleryk; Jaime Guevara-Aguirre; Klaus M Fiebig

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.998623

Hair regrowth treatment efficacy and resistance in androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review and continuous Bayesian network meta-analysis

Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jan 23:9:998623. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.998623. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Peter R Feldman^{1

2}, Pietro Gentile³, Charles Piwko⁴, Hendrik M Motswaledi⁵, Samantha Gorun^{6

7}, Jacob Pesachov⁸, Michael Markel⁸, Maxwell I Silver^{9

10}, Megan Brenkel¹¹, Oriel J Feldman^{1

12}, Corey L Kamen⁸, Elizabeth Uleryk¹³, Jaime Guevara-Aguirre^{14

15

16

17}, Klaus M Fiebig¹

Affiliations

¹ Arbor Life Labs, Toronto, ON, Canada.
² Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
³ Surgical Science Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
⁴ CHP Pharma Inc., Thornhill, ON, Canada.
⁵ Department of Dermatology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
⁶ Faculty of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
⁷ School or Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
⁸ Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
⁹ Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
¹⁰ Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
¹¹ Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
¹² Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
¹³ Uleryk Consulting, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
¹⁴ College of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco De Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador.
¹⁵ Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
¹⁶ Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Reproduction (IEMYR), Quito, Ecuador.
¹⁷ College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.

Abstract

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects almost half the population, and several treatments intending to regenerate a normal scalp hair phenotype are used. This is the first study comparing treatment efficacy response and resistance using standardized continuous outcomes.

Objective: To systematically compare the relative efficacy of treatments used for terminal hair (TH) regrowth in women and men with AGA.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted (from inception to August 11, 2021) to identify randomized, Placebo-controlled trials with ≥ 20 patients and reporting changes in TH density after 24 weeks. Efficacy was analyzed by sex at 12 and 24 weeks using Bayesian network meta-analysis (B-NMA) and compared to frequentist and continuous outcomes profiles.

Results: The search identified 2,314 unique articles. Ninety-eight were included for full-text review, and 17 articles met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and analyses. Eligible treatments included ALRV5XR, Dutasteride 0.5 mg/day, Finasteride 1 mg/day, low-level laser comb treatment (LLLT), Minoxidil 2% and 5%, Nutrafol, and Viviscal. At 24 weeks, the B-NMA regrowth efficacy in TH/cm² and significance (^**) in women were ALRV5XR: 30.09^**, LLLT: 16.62^**, Minoxidil 2%: 12.13^**, Minoxidil 5%: 10.82^**, and Nutrafol: 7.32^**, and in men; ALRV5XR: 21.03^**, LLLT: 18.75^**, Dutasteride: 18.37^**, Viviscal: 13.23, Minoxidil 5%: 13.13^**, Finasteride: 12.38, and Minoxidil 2%: 10.54. Two distinct TH regrowth response profiles were found; Continuous: ALRV5XR regrowth rates were linear in men and accelerated in women; Resistant: after 12 weeks, LLLT, Nutrafol, and Viviscal regrowth rates attenuated while Dutasteride and Finasteride plateaued; Minoxidil 2% and 5% lost some regrowth. There were no statistical differences for the same treatment between women and men. B-NMA provided more accurate, statistically relevant, and conservative results than the frequentist-NMA.

Conclusion: Some TH regrowth can be expected from most AGA treatments with less variability in women than men. Responses to drug treatments were rapid, showing strong early efficacy followed by the greatest resistance effects from flatlining to loss of regrowth after 12-16 weeks. Finasteride, Minoxidil 2% and Viviscal in men were not statistically different from Placebo. LLLT appeared more efficacious than pharmaceuticals. The natural product formulation ALRV5XR showed better efficacy in all tested parameters without signs of treatment resistance (see Graphical abstract).

Systematic review registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42021268040, identifier CRD42021268040.

Keywords: ALRV5XR; Dutasteride; Finasteride; LLLT; Minoxidil; Nutrafol; Viviscal; hair loss.

Publication types

Systematic Review

Grants and funding

This study was supported by funding from the Government of Canada (grants 2020/017260985, 2021/017813049, and 2022/018358713) and Arbor Life Labs of Toronto, Canada.