Introduction: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin production is limited worldwide with stuttering shortages affecting patient access. Our institution received 50 vials of bacillus Calmette-Guérin labeled for percutaneous administration, and upon discussion with our clinical team and approval by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee we used the percutaneous formulation in place of the intravesical formulation. We report our experience.
Methods: Between February and April 2019 patients were treated with a third of a vial dose either with percutaneous or intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin. American Urological Association Symptom Score and Quality of Life survey and an additional 6-question survey (querying presence of suprapubic pain, hematuria, fevers, malaise, skin rashes, testicular/groin pain) were administered. Statistical analyses comparing the 2 groups were performed with SPSS version 22 software.
Results: A total of 30 patients with 73 intravesical instillations were evaluated with 34 patients receiving intravesical and 39 percutaneous bacillus Calmette-Guérin. We found no significant differences when comparing intravesical vs percutaneous bacillus Calmette-Guérin groups in terms of American Urological Association Symptom Score (6.1 vs 6.9, p=0.177), Quality of Life score (1.3 vs 1.7, p=0.132), fevers (2.9% vs 0%, p=0.300), hematuria (14.7% vs 2.8%, p=0.075), suprapubic pain (10.1% vs 4.3%, p=0.129), skin rashes (1.4% vs 0%, p=0.307) and feeling of general fatigue and malaise (15.7% vs 8.6%, p=0.126).
Conclusions: Intravesical instillation of percutaneous bacillus Calmette-Guérin appears to be a safe alternative to intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin during times of shortage. Development of additional strains, use of alternative intravesical therapies and incentivizing bacillus Calmette-Guérin production through policy change and/or alternative funding may also help avoid bacillus Calmette-Guérin supply shortages in the future.
Keywords: BCG vaccine; Mycobacterium bovis; administration; cutaneous; medication systems.