Burden of Hypertensive Heart Disease and High Systolic Blood Pressure in Australia from 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Diseases Study

Sheikh Mohammad Shariful Islam; Reza Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara; Mohammad Payam Ghaffari; Riaz Uddin; Lan Gao; Xiaoyue Xu; Muhammad Umer Siddiqui; Katherine M Livingstone; George Siopis; Nizal Sarrafzadegan; Markus Schlaich; Ralph Maddison; Rachel Huxley; Aletta E Schutte

doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2023.06.853

Burden of Hypertensive Heart Disease and High Systolic Blood Pressure in Australia from 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Diseases Study

Heart Lung Circ. 2023 Oct;32(10):1178-1188. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.06.853. Epub 2023 Sep 22.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia. Electronic address: shariful.islam@deakin.edu.au.
² Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia.
³ School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia.
⁴ School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁶ Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
⁷ Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
⁸ Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
⁹ Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia.

PMID: 37743220
DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.06.853

Abstract

Background: There is a dearth of comprehensive studies examining the burden and trends of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and high systolic blood pressure (SBP) among the Australian population. We aimed to explore the burden of HHD and high SBP, and how they changed over time from 1990 to 2019 in Australia.

Methods: We analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease study in Australia. We assessed the prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), years lived with disability (YLD) and years of life lost (YLL) attributable to HHD and high SBP. Data were presented as point estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). We compared the burden of HHD and high SBP in Australia with World Bank defined high-income countries and six other comparator countries with similar sociodemographic characteristics and economies.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the burden of HHD and high SBP in Australia reduced. Age standardised prevalence rate of HHD was 119.3 cases per 100,000 people (95% UI 86.6-161.0) in 1990, compared to 80.1 cases (95% UI 57.4-108.1) in 2019. Deaths due to HDD were 3.4 cases per 100,000 population (95% UI 2.6-3.8) in 1990, compared to 2.5 (95% UI 1.9-3.0) in 2019. HHD contributed to 57.2 (95% UI 46.6-64.7) DALYs per 100,000 population in 1990 compared to 38.4 (95% UI 32.0-45.2) in 2019. Death rates per 100,000 population attributable to high SBP declined significantly over time for both sexes from 1990 (155.6 cases; 95% UI 131.2-177.0) to approximately one third in 2019 (53.8 cases; 95% UI 43.4-64.4). Compared to six other countries in 2019, the prevalence of HHD was highest in the USA (274.3%) and lowest in the UK (52.6%), with Australia displaying the third highest prevalence. Australia ranked second in term of lowest rates of deaths and third for lowest DALYs respectively due to high SBP. From 1990-2019, Australia ranked third best for reductions in deaths and DALYs due to HHD and first for reductions in deaths and DALYs due to high SBP.

Conclusion: Over the past three decades, the burden of HHD in Australia has reduced, but its prevalence remains relatively high. The contribution of high SBP to deaths, DALYs and YLLs also reduced over the three decades.

Keywords: Australia; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease; Global burden of disease; Hypertension.

MeSH terms

Australia / epidemiology
Blood Pressure
Female
Global Burden of Disease*
Heart Diseases*
Humans
Male
Quality-Adjusted Life Years