1 Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, UK; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, UK; Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK. Electronic address: dp440@leicester.ac.uk.
2 Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
3 Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.