Neuroimaging manifestations of paediatric histiocytoses

Hsern Ern Ivan Tan; Rahul Lakshmanan; Richard Warne; Thomas Walwyn; Derek Roebuck

doi:10.1111/1754-9485.13602

Neuroimaging manifestations of paediatric histiocytoses

J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2023 Nov 14. doi: 10.1111/1754-9485.13602. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Hsern Ern Ivan Tan^{1

2}, Rahul Lakshmanan^{1

3}, Richard Warne¹, Thomas Walwyn^{3

4}, Derek Roebuck^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Imaging, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
² Department of Medical Imaging, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
³ University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁴ Department of Oncology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

PMID: 37964685
DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13602

Abstract

Histiocytoses are rare multi-system disorders marked by abnormal histiocyte cell proliferation, affecting children with diverse clinical presentations. Classified into five groups in 2016, including Langerhans-related (L), cutaneous (C), malignant (M), Rosai-Dorfman disease (R) and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (H), newer entities such as ALK-positive histiocytosis have also emerged, heralding the era of molecular (sub)classification. Common entities include Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). This pictorial essay aids radiologists in recognising and differentiating paediatric histiocytoses based on unique neuroimaging features.

Keywords: head and neck imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; neuroradiology; oncologic imaging; paediatric imaging.