Meta-ethnography on the Experiences of Women From Around the World Who Exclusively Breastfed Their Full-Term Infants

Abstract

Objective: To synthesize evidence from qualitative studies on the experiences of women from around the world who exclusively breastfed their full-term infants.

Data sources: CINAHL Plus, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses Global.

Study selection: We selected reports of qualitative studies that were conducted in high-, middle-, and low-income countries; published between January 2001 and February 2022 in English; and focused on the experiences of women who exclusively breastfed their full-term infants.

Data extraction: We extracted the following data from included studies: methodological characteristics (i.e., country of origin, authors' disciplines, research design, sample size, sampling, data collection, and data analysis method), participants' demographics (i.e., age, parity, marital status, education, and exclusive breastfeeding duration) and direct participant quotes, and key concepts and themes about women's experiences of exclusive breastfeeding. We managed and stored extracted data using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

Data synthesis: We synthesized reciprocal translations using Noblit and Hare's approach to meta-ethnography. Five overarching themes emerged from the meta-synthesis: Favorable Conditions, Not a Smooth Journey,Support, Determination and Perseverance, and Reflections on Benefits.

Conclusion: In the included studies, participants experienced challenges with exclusive breastfeeding; however, they also recounted benefits. We recommend 6-month maternity leave and support from family and health care professionals to improve rates of exclusive breastfeeding.

Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding; meta-ethnography; qualitative; women’s experiences.