Leporinus piau is a freshwater fish belonging to the family Anostomidae, popularly known as "piau" in Brazil. This species has wide distribution in Brazilian northeast basins and presents an economic and sporting fishing importance. The present study aims to inventory the parasitofauna of L. piau of a freshwater ecosystem of Caatinga domain (Brazil). A total of 598 parasite specimens were recovered from nine parasitized hosts, belonging to four taxonomic groups: one Myxozoa (Henneguya sp.); four Monogenea (Dactylogyridae gen. sp., Jainus sp., Urocleidoides sp. 1 and Urocleidoides sp. 2); one Nematoda (Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus) and two Copepoda (Ergasilus sp. and Gamispatulus schizodontis). Previous studies reported five parasitic associations in L. piau: two nematodes (P. (S.) inopinatus and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofrancicencis) and three crustaceans (Argulus sp., Brasergasilus sp. and Ergasilus sp.). For the first time, this study records myxozoan and monogeneans parasitizing the host L. piau. The present study stands out the importance of the knowledge of the parasite biodiversity of freshwater fish in neotropics, reporting new occurrences and parasitic association for ichthyofauna of the Caatinga domain.