1 Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: wangm7@mcmaster.ca.
2 Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
3 Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
4 Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
5 School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
6 University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
7 Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
8 Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy.