Objective: To investigate the incidence of postoperative complications in Chinese patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, and to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative complications. Methods: This was a national, multicenter, prospective, registry-based, cohort study of data obtained from the database of the Prevalence of Abdominal Complications After Gastro- enterological Surgery (PACAGE) study sponsored by the China Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgical Union. The PACAGE database prospectively collected general demographic characteristics, protocols for perioperative treatment, and variables associated with postoperative complications in patients treated for gastric or colorectal cancer in 20 medical centers from December 2018 to December 2020. The patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of postoperative complications. Postoperative complications were categorized and graded in accordance with the expert consensus on postoperative complications in gastrointestinal oncology surgery and Clavien-Dindo grading criteria. The incidence of postoperative complications of different grades are presented as bar charts. Independent risk factors for occurrence of postoperative complications were identified by multifactorial unconditional logistic regression. Results: The study cohort comprised 3926 patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, 657 (16.7%) of whom had a total of 876 postoperative complications. Serious complications (Grade III and above) occurred in 4.0% of patients (156/3926). The rate of Grade V complications was 0.2% (7/3926). The cohort included 2271 patients with gastric cancer with a postoperative complication rate of 18.1% (412/2271) and serious complication rate of 4.7% (106/2271); and 1655 with colorectal cancer, with a postoperative complication rate of 14.8% (245/1655) and serious complication rate of 3.0% (50/1655). The incidences of anastomotic leakage in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer were 3.3% (74/2271) and 3.4% (56/1655), respectively. Abdominal infection was the most frequently occurring complication, accounting for 28.7% (164/572) and 39.5% (120/304) of postoperative complications in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer, respectively. The most frequently occurring grade of postoperative complication was Grade II, accounting for 65.4% (374/572) and 56.6% (172/304) of complications in patients with gastric and colorectal cancers, respectively. Multifactorial analysis identified (1) the following independent risk factors for postoperative complications in patients in the gastric cancer group: preoperative comorbidities (OR=2.54, 95%CI: 1.51-4.28, P<0.001), neoadjuvant therapy (OR=1.42, 95%CI:1.06-1.89, P=0.020), high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores (ASA score 2 points:OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.23-2.07, P<0.001, ASA score ≥3 points:OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.25-0.73, P=0.002), operative time >180 minutes (OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.42-2.31, P<0.001), intraoperative bleeding >50 mL (OR=1.29,95%CI: 1.01-1.63, P=0.038), and distal gastrectomy compared with total gastrectomy (OR=0.65,95%CI: 0.51-0.83, P<0.001); and (2) the following independent risk factors for postoperative complications in patients in the colorectal cancer group: female (OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.44-0.80, P<0.001), preoperative comorbidities (OR=2.73, 95%CI: 1.25-5.99, P=0.030), neoadjuvant therapy (OR=1.83, 95%CI:1.23-2.72, P=0.008), laparoscopic surgery (OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.30-0.72, P=0.022), and abdominoperineal resection compared with low anterior resection (OR=2.74, 95%CI: 1.71-4.41, P<0.001). Conclusion: Postoperative complications associated with various types of infection were the most frequent complications in patients with gastric or colorectal cancer. Although the risk factors for postoperative complications differed between patients with gastric cancer and those with colorectal cancer, the presence of preoperative comorbidities, administration of neoadjuvant therapy, and extent of surgical resection, were the commonest factors associated with postoperative complications in patients of both categories.
目的： 探讨我国胃癌和结直肠癌患者术后并发症的发生率，并评估其危险因素。 方法： 本研究采用全国多中心前瞻性数据登记队列研究方法，数据来自中国胃肠肿瘤外科联盟发起的胃肠外科手术后腹部并发症现状研究数据库（PACAGE）。PACAGE数据库自2018年12月至2020年12月期间，前瞻性收集了20家医学中心胃癌和结直肠癌患者一般人口统计学数据、围手术期治疗及术后并发症相关数据，根据是否发生术后并发症进行分组，参照胃肠肿瘤外科术后并发症相关专家共识和Clavien-Dindo分级标准，对并发症进行分类及分级。通过绘制热图，将不同分级的术后并发症发生率可视化；采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型，分析发生术后并发症的独立危险因素。 结果： 共纳入3 926例胃癌和结直肠癌患者，657例患者共发生876例次术后并发症，总体并发症发生率16.7%（657/3 926），Ⅲ级及以上严重并发症发生率4.0%（156/3 926），Ⅴ级并发症发生率0.2%（7/3 926）。胃癌患者2 271例，术后并发症发生率18.1%（412/2 271），严重并发症发生率4.7%（106/2 271）；结直肠癌患者1 655例，术后并发症发生率14.8%（245/1 655），严重并发症发生率3.0%（50/1 655）。胃癌和结直肠癌患者吻合口漏的发生率分别是3.3%（74/2 271）和3.4%（56/1 655）。腹腔感染在各类并发症中占比最高，在胃癌和结直肠癌患者中分别为28.7%（164/572）和39.5%（120/304）。在所有术后并发症严重程度分级中，Ⅱ级并发症占比最高，胃癌和结直肠癌分别占65.4%（374/572）和56.6%（172/304）。多因素分析显示：（1）胃癌组患者发生术后并发症的独立影响因素包括：有术前合并症（OR=2.54，95%CI：1.51~4.28，P<0.001）、接受新辅助治疗（OR=1.42，95%CI：1.06~1.89，P=0.020）、美国麻醉医师协会评分较高（ASA，2分：OR=1.60，95%CI：1.23~2.07，P<0.001；≥3分：OR=0.43，95%CI：0.25~0.73，P=0.002）、手术时间>180 min（OR=1.81，95%CI：1.42~2.31，P<0.001）、术中出血量>50 ml（OR=1.29，95%CI：1.01~1.63，P=0.038）和相比于全胃切除术的远端胃切除（OR=0.65，95%CI：0.51~0.83，P<0.001）；（2）肠癌组患者发生术后并发症的独立影响因素包括：女性（OR=0.60，95%CI：0.44~0.80，P<0.001）、有术前合并症（OR=2.73，95%CI：1.25~5.99，P=0.030）、接受新辅助治疗（OR=1.83，95%CI：1.23~2.72，P=0.008）、腹腔镜手术（OR=0.47，95%CI：0.30~0.72，P=0.022）和相比于低位前切术的腹会阴联合切术（OR=2.74，95%CI：1.71~4.41，P<0.001）。 结论： 胃癌和结直肠癌患者术后各类感染相关的并发症最为常见，虽然两者术后发生并发症的危险因素各有不同，但有术前合并症、行新辅助治疗以及手术切除范围，是胃癌和结直肠癌患者术后发生并发症的共同影响因素。.