Network Structure of Childhood Trauma, Bodily Disturbances, and Schizotypy in Schizophrenia and Nonclinical Controls

Lénie J Torregrossa; Jinyuan Liu; Kristan Armstrong; Stephan Heckers; Julia M Sheffield

doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgae006

Network Structure of Childhood Trauma, Bodily Disturbances, and Schizotypy in Schizophrenia and Nonclinical Controls

Schizophr Bull Open. 2024 Mar 14;5(1):sgae006. doi: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgae006. eCollection 2024 Jan.

Authors

Lénie J Torregrossa¹, Jinyuan Liu², Kristan Armstrong¹, Stephan Heckers¹, Julia M Sheffield¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
² Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Abstract

Background and hypothesis: Exposure to childhood trauma has been linked to the development of psychosis and bodily self-disturbances, 2 hallmarks of schizophrenia (SZ). Prior work demonstrated that bodily disturbances serve as a bridge between childhood trauma and SZ symptomatology, but the diagnostic specificity of these connections remains unknown. This study uses network analysis to bridge this gap by comparing the interplays between childhood trauma, bodily self-disturbances, and schizotypy in clinical and general populations.

Study design: Networks were constructed to examine the relationships between schizotypy (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire; SPQ), bodily self-disturbances (Perceptual Aberration Scale; PAS), and childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) in 152 people with SZ and 162 healthy comparison participants (HC). The Fused Graphical Lasso was used to jointly estimate the networks in the 2 groups and the structure and strength of the networks were compared. Node centrality and shortest paths between CTQ, PAS, and schizotypy were examined.

Study results: When comparing SZ and HC, the network of bodily self-disturbances, childhood trauma, and schizotypy were similarly structured, but the network was significantly stronger in SZ than HC. In both groups, bodily self-disturbances were on one of the shortest paths between childhood trauma to schizotypal experiences.

Conclusions: Our findings revealed reliable associations between childhood trauma, bodily self-disturbance, and schizotypy, with bodily disturbances acting as a bridge from childhood trauma to schizotypy. The elevated strength of the SZ network indicates a more highly interconnected, and therefore reactive network in which exposure to childhood trauma can more easily activate bodily disturbances and schizotypy.

Keywords: bodily self-disturbances; childhood trauma; network analysis; schizophrenia; schizotypy.