Hybrid fs/ps coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) thermometry often utilizes ps probe pulses derived from pulse shaping or spectrally filtering the primary laser source or by synchronization with a low repetition rate external laser. This results in limited energy, spectral resolution, and/or repetition rate of the ps probe. In this work, a master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) laser was synchronized to the oscillator of a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier to achieve high-energy (600 µJ), narrowband (58 ps) probe pulses at kHz repetition rates. Temporal filtering allows the pulse characteristics to be adjusted for each application. At 25 Torr, relevant to high-speed flows, the kHz-rate MOPA system generated signal-to-noise ratios 3× higher in nitrogen and had improved precision relative to a 10 ps probe derived from spectral filtering and the power-amplifier. The MOPA system also enabled single-shot ro-vibrational hybrid fs/ps CARS thermometry in 650 K heated air.