Development and testing of a four-item version of the physical resilience instrument for older adults (PRIFOR-4)

Fang-Wen Hu; Yueh-Ping Li; Chia-Ming Chang; Tzu-Yu Lin; Po-Hsuan Lai; Chung-Ying Lin

doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100250

Development and testing of a four-item version of the physical resilience instrument for older adults (PRIFOR-4)

J Nutr Health Aging. 2024 Apr 26;28(7):100250. doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100250. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Fang-Wen Hu¹, Yueh-Ping Li², Chia-Ming Chang³, Tzu-Yu Lin⁴, Po-Hsuan Lai⁵, Chung-Ying Lin⁶

Affiliations

¹ School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Long-Term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
² Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan.
³ Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
⁴ Center for Long-Term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Master Program of Long-Term Care in Aging, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁵ Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: ed114692@edah.org.tw.
⁶ Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: cylin36933@gmail.com.

PMID: 38677078
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100250

Abstract

The 16-item Physical Resilience Instrument for Older Adults (PRIFOR) has good clinimetric properties; however, a shortened PRIFOR would greatly enhance physical resilience measurements in clinical settings. The current analysis aimed to reduce the number of PRIFOR while maintaining its clinimetric properties, emphasizing on its factor structure and convergent validity. A longitudinal study was conducted among 863 patients aged 65 years or older. Four PRIFOR items with high factor loadings were selected to generate the short version of PRIFOR (PRIFOR-4). The PRIFOR-4 was found to have a unidimensional structure (comparative fit index = 0.999; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.998 in the confirmatory factor analysis results) with good convergent validity with various external measures (absolute r = 0.109-0.597; p-values<0.01). Because the PRIFOR-4 contains only four items, the completion time for the respondents reduced three fourths from the original PRIFOR, which may have a marked reduction in the response burden. The PRIFOR-4 is thus an easy-to-use measurement that saves time for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.

Keywords: Older adults; PRIFOR; Resilience; Short-form; Validity.