Identification of NOx emissions and source characteristics by TROPOMI observations - A case study in north-central Henan, China

Huilin Sheng; Liya Fan; Meifang Chen; Huanpeng Wang; Haomin Huang; Daiqi Ye

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172779

Identification of NO_x emissions and source characteristics by TROPOMI observations - A case study in north-central Henan, China

Sci Total Environ. 2024 Apr 26:931:172779. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172779. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Huilin Sheng¹, Liya Fan², Meifang Chen¹, Huanpeng Wang¹, Haomin Huang³, Daiqi Ye³

Affiliations

¹ School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
² School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: fanly@scut.edu.cn.
³ School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, Guangzhou 510006, China.

PMID: 38679100
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172779

Abstract

With the development of industries, air pollution in north-central Henan is becoming increasingly severe. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) provides nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) column densities with high spatial resolution. Based on TROPOMI, in this study, the nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions in north-central Henan are derived and the emission hotspots are identified with the flux divergence method (FDM) from May to September 2021. The results indicate that Zhengzhou has the highest NO_x emissions in north-central Henan. The most prominent hotspots are in Guancheng Huizu District (Zhengzhou) and Yindu District (Anyang), with emissions of 448.4 g/s and 300.3 g/s, respectively. The Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is applied to quantify the characteristics of emission hotspots, including the diameter, eccentricity, and tilt angle, among which the tilt angle provides a novel metric for identifying the spatial distribution of pollution sources. Furthermore, the results are compared with the CAMS global anthropogenic emissions (CAMS-GLOB-ANT) and Multi-resolution Emission Inventory model for Climate and air pollution research (MEIC), and they are generally in good agreement. However, some point sources, such as power plants, may be missed by both inventories. It is also found that for emission hotspots near transportation hubs, CAMS-GLOB-ANT may not have fully considered the actual traffic flow, leading to an underestimation of transportation emissions. These findings provide key information for the accurate implementation of pollution prevention and control measures, as well as references for future optimization of emission inventories. Consequently, deriving NO_x emissions from space, quantifying the characteristics of emission hotspots, and combining them with bottom-up inventories can provide valuable insights for targeted emission control.

Keywords: Emission hotspots; GMM; NO(x) emissions; North-central Henan; TROPOMI NO(2).