The precision of drill calibration for dynamic navigation

Mohammed Y Al-Jarsha; Ashraf F Ayoub; Mohammed M Almgran; Chieh-Han Liu; Douglas P Robertson; Kurt B Naudi

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105032

The precision of drill calibration for dynamic navigation

J Dent. 2024 May 2:146:105032. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105032. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Mohammed Y Al-Jarsha¹, Ashraf F Ayoub², Mohammed M Almgran³, Chieh-Han Liu³, Douglas P Robertson⁴, Kurt B Naudi³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
² Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Ashraf.Ayoub@glasgow.ac.uk.
³ Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
⁴ Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

PMID: 38703809
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105032

Abstract

Objectives: To quantify the reproducibility of the drill calibration process in dynamic navigation guided placement of dental implants and to identify the human factors that could affect the precision of this process in order to improve the overall implant placement accuracy.

Methods: A set of six drills and four implants were calibrated by three operators following the standard calibration process of NaviDent® (ClaroNav Inc.). The reproducibility of the position of each tip of a drill or implant was calculated in relation to the pre-planned implants' entry and apex positions. Intra- and inter-operator reliabilities were reported. The effects of the drill length and shape on the reproducibility of the calibration process were also investigated. The outcome measures for reproducibility were expressed in terms of variability range, average and maximum deviations from the mean distance.

Results: A satisfactory inter-rater reproducibility was noted. The precision of the calibration of the tip position in terms of variability range was between 0.3 and 3.7 mm. We noted a tendency towards a higher precision of the calibration process with longer drills. More calibration errors were observed when calibrating long zygomatic implants with non-locking adapters than with pointed drills. Flexible long-pointed drills had low calibration precision that was comparable to the non-flexible short-pointed drills.

Conclusion: The clinicians should be aware of the calibration error associated with the dynamic navigation placement of dental and zygomatic implants. This should be taken in consideration especially for long implants, short drills, and long drills that have some degree of flexibility.

Clinical significance: Dynamic navigation procedures are associated with an inherent drill calibration error. The manual stability during the calibration process is crucial in minimising this error. In addition, the clinician must never ignore the prescribed accuracy checking procedures after each calibration process.

Keywords: Calibration; Dynamic navigation; Human error; Implants; Precision; Reproducibility; Zygomatic.