Coffee and tea consumption and dementia risk: The role of sex and vascular comorbidities

Kuan-Chu Hou; Yen-Ching Chen; Ta-Fu Chen; Yu Sun; Li-Li Wen; Ping-Keung Yip; Yi-Min Chu; Jeng-Min Chiou; Jen-Hau Chen

doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2024.04.018

Coffee and tea consumption and dementia risk: The role of sex and vascular comorbidities

J Formos Med Assoc. 2024 May 6:S0929-6646(24)00218-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.04.018. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Kuan-Chu Hou¹, Yen-Ching Chen², Ta-Fu Chen³, Yu Sun⁴, Li-Li Wen⁵, Ping-Keung Yip⁶, Yi-Min Chu⁷, Jeng-Min Chiou⁸, Jen-Hau Chen⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: houfrank2003@gmail.com.
² Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: karenchen@ntu.edu.tw.
³ Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: chentf@ms4.hinet.net.
⁴ Department of Neurology, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: sunyu.jj.lu@gmail.com.
⁵ Department of Laboratory Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: eckwen@yahoo.com.
⁶ Center of Neurological Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Electronic address: 072146@mail.fju.edu.tw.
⁷ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: juimin2003@yahoo.com.tw.
⁸ Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: jmchiou@ntu.edu.tw.
⁹ Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan. Electronic address: jhhchen@ntu.edu.tw.

PMID: 38714417
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.04.018

Abstract

Background: Coffee and tea consumption has been linked to dementia. However, it remained unknown how sex and vascular risk factors modify the association. We aimed to investigate the association of coffee and tea consumption with dementia and whether sex and vascular comorbidities modified the association.

Methods: We included 278 elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 102 patients with vascular dementia (VaD) from three hospitals; controls (N = 468) were recruited during the same period. We collected the frequency and amount of coffee and tea consumption and the presence of vascular comorbidities. The multinomial logistic regression model was utilized to evaluate the association of coffee and tea consumption with dementia, stratified by sex and vascular comorbidities.

Results: Different combinations and quantities of coffee and tea consumption protected against AD and VaD. Consumption of ≥3 cups of coffee or tea per day was protective against AD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22-0.78)] and VaD (aOR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.19-0.94). Stratified analyses showed that the protective effects of a higher quantity of coffee and tea against AD were more pronounced among females and individuals with hypertension. Consumption of either coffee or tea was associated with a decreased risk of VaD among diabetic participants (aOR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.06-0.98). Hyperlipidemia modified the association of coffee or tea consumption on the risk of AD and VaD (both P_interaction < 0.01).

Conclusion: The risk of AD and VaD was lower with increased consumption of coffee and tea; the impact differed by sex and vascular comorbidities including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Coffee; Tea; Vascular dementia.