3D Conjugated Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Xianfu Zhang; Xuepeng Liu; Yunxuan Ding; Bin Ding; Pengju Shi; Olga A Syzgantseva; Maria A Syzgantseva; Zhaofu Fei; Jianlin Chen; Ghadari Rahim; Mingyuan Han; Kai Zhang; Ying Zhou; Keith G Brooks; Rui Wang; Licheng Sun; Paul J Dyson; Songyuan Dai; Mohammad Kahaj Khaja Nazeeruddin; Yong Ding

doi:10.1002/adma.202310619

3D Conjugated Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Adv Mater. 2024 May 8:e2310619. doi: 10.1002/adma.202310619. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Xianfu Zhang^{1

2}, Xuepeng Liu¹, Yunxuan Ding^{3

4}, Bin Ding², Pengju Shi⁵, Olga A Syzgantseva⁶, Maria A Syzgantseva⁷, Zhaofu Fei², Jianlin Chen¹, Ghadari Rahim⁸, Mingyuan Han¹, Kai Zhang¹, Ying Zhou¹, Keith G Brooks², Rui Wang⁵, Licheng Sun^{3

4}, Paul J Dyson², Songyuan Dai¹, Mohammad Kahaj Khaja Nazeeruddin^{2

9}, Yong Ding^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
² Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
³ Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
⁴ Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
⁵ School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
⁷ Department of Physics, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, 125047, Russia.
⁸ Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran.
⁹ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 38718249
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310619

Abstract

The orthogonal structure of the widely used hole transporting material (HTM) 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N, N-di-p-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) imparts isotropic conductivity and excellent film-forming capability. However, inherently weak intra- and inter-molecular π-π interactions result in low intrinsic hole mobility. Herein, a novel HTM, termed FTPE-ST, with a twist conjugated dibenzo(g,p)chrysene core and coplanar 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as extended donor units, is designed to enhance π-π interactions, without compromising on solubility. The three-dimensional (3D) configuration provides the material multi-direction charge transport as well as excellent solubility even in 2-methylanisole, and its large conjugated backbone endows the HTM with a high hole mobility. Moreover, the sulfur donors in EDOT units coordinate with lead ions on the perovskite surface, leading to stronger interfacial interactions and the suppression of defects at the perovskite/HTM interface. As a result, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) employing FTPE-ST achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.21% with excellent long-time stability, one of the highest PCEs for non-spiro HTMs in n-i-p PSCs. In addition, the excellent film-forming capacity of the HTM enables the fabrication of FTPE-ST-based large-scale PSCs (1.0 cm²) and modules (29.0 cm²), which achieve PCEs of 24.21% (certificated 24.17%) and 21.27%, respectively.

Keywords: 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene; dibenzo(g,p)chrysene; hole transporting materials; interfacial interaction; perovskite solar cells; perovskite solar module.

Abstract

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