Association of Childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Adolescent Traditional and Cyberbullying Victimization in the Digital Generation: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Chun-Ji Lin; Chao-Ying Tu; Yu-Hsuan Lin; Chih-Yi Wu; Po-Ya Chang; I-Ying Hsiao; Hung-Yi Chiou

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.039

Association of Childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Adolescent Traditional and Cyberbullying Victimization in the Digital Generation: A Population-Based Cohort Study

J Adolesc Health. 2024 May 11:S1054-139X(24)00158-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.039. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Chun-Ji Lin¹, Chao-Ying Tu², Yu-Hsuan Lin³, Chih-Yi Wu¹, Po-Ya Chang⁴, I-Ying Hsiao¹, Hung-Yi Chiou⁵

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
² Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan; Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
³ Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁵ Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: hychiou@nhri.edu.tw.

PMID: 38739055
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.039

Abstract

Purpose: This population-based cohort study aimed to examine the association with childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bullying experiences during adolescence among Digital Generation individuals, exploring both traditional and cyberbullying.

Methods: This study included data from 15,240 participants, collected from the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study project. Participants, initially in seventh and 10th grade in 2015, were selected through a multistage stratified sampling approach. Self-report questionnaires assessed traditional and cyberbullying victimization experiences during adolescence, with 5-year longitudinal follow-up. Childhood ADHD diagnoses were identified by linking data to Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2015. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationship between childhood ADHD and bullying victimization while controlling for relevant covariates.

Results: Individuals diagnosed with childhood ADHD exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing bullying during adolescence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-1.80). This association extended to various forms of bullying, including physical (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20-1.68), verbal (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20-1.67), relational (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.22-1.71), and cyber (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14-1.61). Additional factors positively associated with bullying victimization included male, binge drinking, and depression, while a positive campus atmosphere was protective against bullying. However, there is no evidence for interactions between these factors and ADHD in their associations with bullying.

Discussion: Childhood ADHD increases the risk of both traditional and cyberbullying during adolescence. Recognizing this risk is essential for targeted interventions and further research on underlying mechanisms.

Keywords: ADHD; Adolescence; Bullying victimization; Cyberbullying; Traditional bullying.