The Bogalusa Heart Study has been highly successful in recruitment and screening of children and adolescents in Bogalusa, Louisiana. From 1973 to 1982 in four cardiovascular risk factor surveys, 80-93% of the biracial pediatric population was examined. Overall participation rates compare favorably with those of similar studies. The authors examine methods and strategies involved in obtaining community support, identifying and contacting the eligible population, and implementing recruitment campaigns. Several of the more successful motivational efforts are described. Attrition and the broader problem of decreasing participation rates in older adolescents are examined. Recommendations are advanced for dealing with this problem age group.