Systemic cholesterol crystal emboli (SCCE) are no longer a rare complication of severe atheroma. Sixty-year old men, with many vascular problems are typically involved. SCCE, released from atheromatous ulcerated "plaques", invade one or more arteriolar beds. Clinical presentation is polymorphic: skin, muscle, kidney, digestive tract and other abdominal organs, retina, bone narrow ... may be embolized. SCCE are associated with triggering conditions: vascular surgery, anticlotting agents and fibrinolysis, femoral retrograd catheterization by radiologists or cardiologists. This last factor is presently predominant. Clinical signs depend on atheroma localization, intensity and repetition of embols and topography of arteriolar beds susceptible to be embolized: livedo reticularis, acute renal failure with high blood pressure, limbs or abdominal pain, periarteritis nodosa-like syndrome. Diagnosis is based on the discovery of ocular fundi (cholesterol crystals in arterioles) and evidence of cholesterol crystals in various biopsies: skin, muscle, kidneys. Prognosis and curative treatment are poor. Mortality is greater than 80% in systemic forms. Surgical palliative treatment was recently proposed (bypass). Prevention is essential: triggering manipulations i.e. retrograd femoral catheterism have to be avoided by radiologists or cardiologists in exposed patients. In high risk atheromatous patients symptomatic treatment including repetitive dialysis is able to induce significative survival.