Population based studies of vitamin nutritional status in Russia, Ukranian, Belarus and Baltic States in 1983-1991 give evidence about satisfied vitamin A nutritional status and insufficient carotenoids nutrition of population. The retinol level below 30 MK2/dl (lower reference level) was revealed in 6% of the adults, 19% of the children and 6% of the pregnant women. The level of carotene below 80 MK2/dl took place in 39% of the adults, 28% of the children and 18% of the pregnant women. Worst vitamin A and carotene nutritional status was detected in adults and children living in Mogilevskaya and Gomelskaya regions suffering from accident on Chernobyl station as well as inhabitants of large industrial centres (Ekaterinburg, Orenburg, Kemerovo, Norilsk, Zaporoz'e) with bad ecological situation It was pointed on probable connection between insufficient consumption of carotene and increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. It is recommended the realization of large-scale actions upon cardinal improvement of vitamin A and carotene supplying of population.