Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) possesses neuroprotective effects on a variety of neurons. Here we report that it delays progression of motor neuron disease (MND) in the wobbler mouse. After initial diagnosis of MND at post-natal age 3-4 weeks, wobbler mice receive either recombinant human bFGF (1 mg kg-1, n = 10) or vehicle (n = 10), daily for weeks by subcutaneous injection in a blind fashion. We performed symptomatic and neuropathological assessments in both groups. The treatment was fulfilled at 7-8 weeks of age. In comparison with vehicle, bFGF treatment potentiated grip strength (p < 0.008), attenuated forelimb contracture (p < 0.003), and increased weight of the biceps muscle (p < 0.008). bFGF-treated mice retarded denervation muscle atrophy (p < 0.001) and degeneration of spinal motoneurons (p < 0.001). Our study shows that bFGF treatment is beneficial in a murine MND model. We provide a rationale that bFGF may have therapeutic potential in peripheral motor neuropathy or MND.