Purpose: Anastomotic leaks after double-stapled low anterior resection were associated with a number of factors related to patient condition, level of anastomosis, and variety of surgery-related and antitumor therapy-related factors. This retrospective analysis of a group of patients with consistent length of rectal stump was undertaken to determine the risk factors of anastomotic leak after low colorectal resection related to surgery and to intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Methods: A group of 165 patients treated with surgery only, surgery with early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and surgery with hyperthermic intraoperative and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. All patients underwent surgery that used the double-stapled technique with transection of the rectum through its middle third. In univariate and multivariate analysis, the relationship between anastomotic leak rate and extent of colon resection, length of residual colon, presence of left colon, and type of applied treatment was studied.
Results: With a full length of residual colon, leak rate was 1 percent but increased progressively with the extent of proximal colon resection. Removal of the left colon was associated with the 2.7 odds ratio for anastomotic disruption. Leak rate after surgery only was 6 percent; surgery with normothermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was 5 percent; and surgery with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy was 20 percent.
Conclusions: In this group of patients with consistent length of residual rectum, the incidence of anastomotic disruption was related to extent of proximal colon resection. Anastomotic integrity was not compromised by normothermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was associated with high leak rate only when extensive resection of the colon was performed. Variables other than extent of rectal excision are important in causing a leak of colorectal anastomosis.