This paper reports a premature infant with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) who underwent an abdominal wall plasty to enlarge the abdominal cavity, one of twin infants born at 32 weeks weighing 1,255 g. After stabilization, the herniated viscera were reduced from the pleural cavity and the abdominal wall muscle and skin layers were replaced by a Gore-tex patch without closure of the diaphragmatic defect. Respiratory and circulatory conditions were stable during the perioperative period. Postoperatively, a roentogenogram showed expansion of the lung. However, his condition deteriorated 24 h after surgery, triggered by intratracheal suction, and he died on the 4th day of life despite the use of high-frequency oscillation, catecholamines, and vasodilators. Postmortem examination showed severely hypoplastic lungs. Abdominal wall plasty may be a less invasive initial procedure, however, further studies, such as comparison with the standard method or conservative management, are needed using a large clinical group or animal models to justify the usefulness of this procedure.