In some patients with hypertension or renal insufficiency, renal artery stenosis can play a causative part. If fibromuscular dysplasia is the pathology of the stenosis, treatment of the stenosis by transluminal percutaneous renal angioplasty (TPRA) results in improvement of the concomitant hypertension in 80-90% of the patients. In case of atherosclerotic lesions 50% of the patients benefit by such treatment. In renal insufficiency TPRA of atherosclerotic lesions results in improvement of renal function in only one third of the patients. As restenosis and elastic recoil are seen as the prime determinants of this lack of success in atherosclerosis, intravascular stents were developed with the aim to accomplish a permanent dilation of the arterial lumen. In recent studies stent placement resulted in cure of high blood pressure in 0-16% of the patients and in improvement in 35-70%. The percentage of improvement must be viewed with caution because of the open design of these studies. Improvement of renal function was reported in 7-36% of the patients and worsening in 8-18%. Based on these outcomes stent placement in stenosed renal arteries should not be regarded as a routine clinical treatment.